Composite Electrical Geophysical Techniques for Ground Water Exploration in the Hard Rock Area of Bundelkhand, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Abstract
Hard rock terrains of Bundelkhand region are well known for a serious shortage of groundwater, particularly in the summer season. Groundwater occurs in limited areal extent in secondary porosity within hard rock formations commonly developed due to fracturing, weathering, jointing, faulting, etc. In present study Gradient profiling (GP) followed by vertical electrical sounding (VES) has been successfully utilized to locate the water saturated fractures in hard rock areas of Kabrai Block, Mahoba District of Uttar Pradesh India. To begin with, the GP survey was conducted with fixed current electrodes separation of 600 m and the potential electrodes separations of 10 m for all the points lying between the central region of the profile (about 33% of the total spread) at a station interval of 5m. The response of GP analysis set the sound base for the VES sounding survey, further the VES sounding survey carried out at three different stations where relatively low resistivity observed at the profile and hence the promising position for groundwater occurence. The interpretation of VES results shows the presence of fractured to the highly-fractured zone at the low resistivity observed on GP profile. A test borehole drilled at the optimistic and final location, which yields a continuous groundwater discharge of 300 LPM, a good yield in water scarce area and boon for the local people. The present study demonstrated that composite 1D (GP and VES) resistivity techniques and its encouraging advantage in locating groundwater in hard rock areas.
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