Nano Optimization of Existing Energy System

Abstract

Nanotechnology has continuously engaged itself in carrying out various research pursuits for fulfilling the societal needs of people at large. In context of the global scenario of increasing energy demand, threatening climatic changes and foreseeable scarcity of fossil fuels, the
cost efficient production and storage of energy seems to be predominantly occupying the minds of most of the people today. The present paper is an attempt to highlight the role of nanotechnology in the optimization of the existing energy system. Nanotechnology has significant potential in efficient utilization of conventional energy resources like fossil and
nuclear fuels as well as economic development of renewable energy resources such as solar, hydro, wind, tidal, biomass and geothermal. Nano-structuring helps in achieving the highest possible conversion efficiency in the generation of electric power from fossil fuels through
turbines or fuel cells, in combustion and electric engines, in thermoelectric energy conversion and in the generation and conversion of chemical energy sources. Efficient conversion systems do not only save resources but also reduce CO2 emissions thereby protecting the environment. Nano-structured semiconductors can lead to an increased efficiency and could provide scope for a broader application in the utilization of wasted heat emitted from automobiles, air-conditioners, electronic gadgets or human body. Another pertinent issue is the reduction of losses in power transfer by using extraordinarily conductive carbon nano-tubes, high temperature superconductive materials and even wireless electric transmission by lasers, microwaves etc. Reduction of fuel consumption in automobiles through light weight construction nanomaterials, wear and corrosion resistant engine components, nano-porous
thermal insulation materials for energetic rehabilitation of old buildings and controlled heat and light flow by nano-technological components are a few promising approaches in reducing energy consumption. Use of nano-technology in developing small sized storage systems for hydrogen fuel and increased utilization of bio fuels are also considered as solutions for the future energy needs.